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June 05.2022
2 Minutes Read

The first step to sustainability is understanding the difference between climate change and global warming  

Over the last few years, sustainability has become a buzzword. From fashion brands to investment banking, the term sustainability features more and more often to serve the so-called ‘woke’ consumers of the 21st century. This World Environment Day, we bring to you the difference between climate change and global warming in order to understand sustainability.


In the real-world sense, it is crucial to be able to comprehend the subtle differences between the often interchangeably used terms global warming and climate change. 


A simple Google search will tell you global warming simply means the rise in the temperature of the earth’s surface, and climate change, is the side-effects of this warming up of the earth’s surface.


It is also important that in this context, we understand the difference between climate and weather. Weather is the atmospheric condition that occurs over a short period of time. For instance, when you say it is a sunny day, what’s being referred to here is the weather. However, climate means a long term occurrence in a particular region or all around the globe, like for example the patterns of snowfall or rain over a years or even decades.


Therefore, when we talk about climate change, it includes the side-effects of global warming contributed through both manmade and natural causes, as well as a range of other factors which together lead to a shift in the patterns resulting in climate change. 


When talking about sustainability and environment, it essentially means activities that do not contribute to global warming. 


Stay tuned to this space for climate- and sustainability-related issues. 

Sustainability

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A Buffalo Soldier's WWII Journal

Sunday morning, December 7, 1941"I went downtown with my brother Norman and stepbrother, Hayward Thompson, to catch an early movie at the RKO Hill Street Theater at 8th and Hill Streets in Los Angeles. "The name of the movie is long forgotten but I recall clearly that its projection is suddenly stopped and a civilian—perhaps the theater manager—comes out onto the stage and announces that all servicemen should return to their bases immediately. The Japanese have bombed Pearl Harbor. "I am 16 years old, a senior at Polytechnic High School in Los Angeles, and I have no idea where Pearl Harbor is. I really didn’t understand that this is the beginning of a major war."[The above is from the WWII journal kept by Ivan J. Houston, featured in the documentary film, With One Tied Hand, with portions published in the book by Mr. Houston and Gordon Cohn, "Black Warriors, The Buffalo Soldiers of World War II."][The following is edited from a history of Pearl Harbor by the Encyclopædia Britannica.] In the 1930s, American foreign policy in the Pacific supported China support for China. In 1931 Japan took over the Chinese province of Manchuria, creating a new state called Manchukuo. A pitched battle between the Japanese and the United Front (Chinese Nationalists and the Chinese Communists) took place on the Marco Polo Bridge outside Beijing on July 7, 1937. In 1938, the United States government extended its first loan to China. And, in July 1939 the U.S. terminated the 1911 Treaty of Commerce and Navigation with Japan and began to restrict the export to Japan of war materials. By July 1941, Japan had pushed aside the French Vichy government, occupied Indochina, and allied itself with the Axis powers (Germany and Italy). Of course, the U.S. government severed relations with Japan. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union, the Japanese knew there would be no attack from the West. The U.S. tried to negotiate with Japan but at the end of November, no agreement had been reached.  The U.S. Pacific Fleet comprised nearly 100 naval vessels, including 8 battleships and substantial military and air forces. As the tension mounted, Adm. Husband E. Kimmel and Lieut. Gen. Walter C. Short, who shared command at Pearl Harbor, were warned of the possibility of war, specifically on October 16 and again on November 24 and 27.  The notice of November 27, to Kimmel, began, “This dispatch is to be considered a war warning,” went on to say that “negotiations have ceased,” and directed the admiral to “execute an appropriate defensive deployment.” Kimmel also was ordered to “undertake such reconnaissance and other measures as you deem necessary.” The communication of the same day to Short declared that “hostile action is possible at any moment” and, like its naval counterpart, urged “measures of reconnaissance.”  In response to these warnings, the measures taken by the army and navy commanders were, as the event proved, far from adequate. Short ordered an alert against sabotage and concentrated most of his fighter planes at the base on Wheeler Field in an effort to prevent damage to them. He also gave orders to operate five of the mobile radar sets that had been set up in the island from 4:00 AM to 7:00 AM, considered to be the most dangerous period. (Radar training, however, was in a far-from-advanced stage.)  Kimmel, despite the fact that his intelligence had not been able to locate substantial elements in the Japanese fleet—especially the first-line ships in carrier divisions 1 and 2—did not expand his reconnaissance activities to the northwest, the logical point for an attack. He moored the entire fleet (save that part which was at sea) in the harbor and permitted a part of his personnel to go on shore leave. Neither of these officers suspected that the base at Pearl Harbor would itself be subjected to attack. Nor, for that matter, is there any indication that their superiors in Washington were in any way conscious of the approaching danger. 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He did not telephone, fearing interception, and instead sent his dispatch by telegram. There was a mix-up in communication, however, and the warning did not reach Hawaii until after the attack had begun. It is important to note that it had not been filed until noon, only an hour before the Japanese planes moved in on the base.  At Pearl Harbor itself, there were incidents that, properly interpreted, might have given a brief warning. Four hours before the decisive moment, a Japanese submarine was sighted by the minesweeper USS Condor. About two and a half hours later, the commander of the destroyer USS Ward sent a message saying that he “had attacked, fired upon, and dropped depth charges upon submarine operating in defensive sea area” near Pearl Harbor. While Kimmel waited for confirmation of this report, the Japanese opened hostilities. In these same morning hours, U.S. Army Pvt. George Elliott, practicing on the radar set after its normal closing time, noticed a large flight of planes on the screen. When he telephoned his lieutenant, he was told to disregard the observation, as a flight of B-17 bombers from the United States was expected at that time. Once again, an opportunity was missed. [Thank you for reading. Please watch for our next post.]
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